The toxic smog in Delhi poses severe health risks, particularly due to high levels of PM2.5 particles, which can penetrate deep into the lungs and bloodstream, potentially causing respiratory and cardiovascular issues. The smog is exacerbated by cooler weather, which traps pollutants close to the ground. Vulnerable populations, including children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions, are at heightened risk. The measures aim to reduce pollution from vehicles, construction, and biomass burning, which collectively contribute to over 50% of the city's winter pollution. However, similar efforts in previous years have had limited success in significantly improving air quality.